Scott Hanselman

Create a complete System Image Backup with Windows 8.1 and File History

September 24, 2013 Comment on this post [42] Posted in Win8
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I feel better when things are backed up. I use the File History feature of Windows 8 to backup files every hour or so. I really encourage folks to use the Computer Backup Rule of Three.

One of the features of Windows 7 that I love is System Image Backup. I used to use 3rd party products to image my system. In Windows 8 (8.0, that is) it's kind of hard to find System Image Backup. While I use File History locally as well as regular cloud backup (using CrashPlan on my Synology) I also like to do a full System Image every month or so.

I've seen a number of tutorials on the web on "how to create a system image backup on windows 8.1" that have folks going to a PowerShell prompt to start a backup. While that's possible, it's certainly not the primary way you want to start typical backup at home.

In Windows 8.1, go to the Start Menu, type "File History" and run it.

image

Now, hit System Image Backup in the lower corner there.

image

You can put an image on DVDs or an external hard drive.

Now, to be clear, should this be your primary backup strategy? No. I've got most things in the cloud or automatically backed up to external drives. If I needed to totally reinstall Windows from scratch, I can get back up and working in about an hour without using a complete System Image. However, I'm comforted by having at least one or two System Image backups. It's nice to have options.

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Here's some other blog posts on the topic of backup. Now, take action.


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About Scott

Scott Hanselman is a former professor, former Chief Architect in finance, now speaker, consultant, father, diabetic, and Microsoft employee. He is a failed stand-up comic, a cornrower, and a book author.

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September 24, 2013 9:45
Great topic selection, Scott! But...

"[the command line is] certainly not the primary way you want to start typical backup at home."

Wouldn't you think the primary way to START a typical image backup is by having your computer do it automatically? Do you expect us create a reoccurring monthly Outlook reminder that says "Time to make an image back up of all your PC's! Click away and have fun!" or perhaps a windows script macro (can we still even do that?).

Microsoft's removal of the scheduled image backup function in win 8.1 is without a doubt one of the top 3 most annoying upgrade tradeoffs of all time (easily dwarfing the heart-breaking loss of Dreamscene in win 7+).

Is this really due to the fact that I'm in the ~2% of users who are actually prudent enough to use this feature instead of spending lots of money on buggy 3rd party imaging software that constantly has to be updated? Am I really an edge-case simply because I try to avoid completely reinstalling and re-customizing all my applications (Photoshop, Visual Studio, Dev Apps, etc) whenever my hard drive fails?

Or is this instead perhaps a message from Microsoft to Desktop PC users warning us that the Desktop PC as we know it is being "de-emphasized" going forward, that we must forget about 'legacy' local computing concepts, and migrate to the fledgling touch-based, SaaS-based computing paradigm that monolithic software/hardware companies are slowly but surely compelling users to adopt?

September 24, 2013 11:45
Matias - Ya, I hear you. Clearly they folks to focus on schedule FILE backup rather than SYSTEM backup. It's certainly easier to backup files and given everyone's emphasis on the cloud, while I disagree with them, I can see their perspective.
September 24, 2013 11:45
5 TB!? Holy fsck.
September 24, 2013 12:30
My win 8 system seem to forget the file history drive every time I run the system image tool. Then I need to reset file history to use the drive again. I use a different drive for the system images than my file history drive. Does win 8.1 handle mixing the two methods better?
September 24, 2013 12:35
Jan - Weird, I haven't had that issue. I actually have a Storage Spaces driveset that is Images and File History and Video Editing.
September 24, 2013 14:14
@Scott, thanks for sharing your experience.

Can you please write a similar blog about how to configure Hyper-V's Virtual switch on Windows 8x? As a developer, I use VirtualBox and its extremely easy to configure networking as the options are verbose. Naturally, users want VM accessible from host over local network AND both the host and guests can access the Internet.. and VirtualBox is set to it by default.

With Hyper-V, I get either one of the aforementioned scenario work. When I am able to access the Internet from VM, the host is unable to get IP from DHCP and yet no Internet at host (the IPv4 and v6 options in connection properties are disabled in favor of "Microsoft Hyper-V extensible virtual switch"). When I am able to access virtual OS from host and host can access the Internet, my guest is unable to connect to the Internet.

Is there an easy recipe to configure the network like VirtualBox's default does? Can you share it on gist.github.com or pastebin.com or author a blog... for sake of us the developers? Also, please cover the scenario where user has both Hyper-V and VirtualBox installed on Windows 8x.

Currently, I am running 8.1 preview. I am using Vagrant for virtualizing Linux box. It requires me to have VirtualBox as Hyper-V's support is not yet implemented (https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/issues/1244). Since the sad demise of IronRuby, there is no love for Ruby in Microsoft community :(
September 24, 2013 16:24
John, I don't understand. I have Hyper-V's switch in its fully-default mode on both Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 and everything just works. Maybe try using static IPs for your VMs?
September 24, 2013 16:40
Nick,

Not sure, I know in the brief time I've played with Hyper-V I had to do an Ad-Hoc network from host or some such. Can't remember. Networking wasn't emulated for me out of the box. Then again, the way Virtualbox gets around this is with the driver install during VBox installation.
September 24, 2013 17:12
I do a system image backup every week and keep the most recent two. It's easy enough to script using the wbadmin command-line tool. Cloud storage and File History are excellent for keeping ongoing backups of your files... But if the system drive takes a dump, or something else disastrous happens that breaks the Windows installation, it's much easier to restore from the system image than to install Windows from scratch and start installing and setting up all of your apps again. (And yeah, I've had to restore the system image a couple of times.)
September 24, 2013 17:55
The best Windows image backup tool I've seen - by far - is the highly underrated and overlooked Windows Home Server. Yes, from Microsoft! You guys make it, but I bet most of Microsoft doesn't even know about it. Every night, every Windows computer on my home network gets a full image backup. But WHS does something nothing else does: it's a differential cluster backup. So it's like an automatic full backup every night, but only the clusters (not files) that have changed are copied. Everything else just gets a pointer. I can pull up an image of any drive from any night, or I can boot from CD and restore the whole computer over the network. Brilliant.
September 24, 2013 20:06
I agree with Neil. I had a HP home server for many years. It was really nice and helped us recover from lost drives several times.
When the storage space feature came out I moved to that and just use it as a target for all the home systems using File History. Really important stuff I store in the skydrive folder which syncs to a computer off site.

One thing I found out the hard way is that File History doesn't back up your %appdata% folder which is where minecraft keeps everything. So if you play minecraft add your .minecraft folder to a library.

I do have a question. If I start booting to vhds can I also do an image backup just by making a copy of the vhd? Seems like that would be easy to automate.
September 25, 2013 2:19
You can't be serious..

Windows backup is the worst backup system I've ever used.. it's a joke.. it's plain terrible..

Pay some $ and get Symantec system recovery ( aka. Ghost ) .. it's works like it should..

Or use Easus clone drive..

Or install windows on VHD an automate a copy / differentiate ...

Anything else is better than windows backup.
September 25, 2013 14:58
Backup in Win81 is in a very sad state:

Syncing to the cloud is no replacement for backup, even with SkyDrive (Pro only) supporting versioning. Drive imaging is no replacement for file-based backup. SkyDrive does not support EFS encrypted files. Windows 7 Files Backup was removed with Win81. Windows Home Server 2011 was the the last release in the Windows Home Server product line.

Win81 File History is severely crippled:

- Silently skips EFS encrypted file with the "funny" error: "...If you want it to be protected, remove encryption ..."

- Since Win8.1 no longer supports backing up SkyDrive

- Adding folders to be backed up is only possible via adding them to libraries, which are hidden by default.

Now we have to rely in 3rd party solutions again. Acronis TI 2014 does not officially support Window 8.1 yet.
September 26, 2013 15:07
@Peter Meinl

Windows 2012 Essentials is the continuation of the Home Server product line with included the cluster based backup feature of previous Home Server products. It's an effective and easy out of the box backup strategy when joining the Server 2012 Essentials domain.
September 26, 2013 22:04
Scott,

Windows 8.1 RTM is available to MSDN subscribers, but Microsoft is still working on Windows 8.1. On October 18 Microsoft will release Windows 8.1 GA.

Could you confirm that Windows 8.1 RTM is ready to be installed on production systems, and all changes will be delivered through Windows Update?

I just don't want to reinstall all apps on October 18 and as far as I understand RTM and GA versions should contain the same bits.
djb
September 26, 2013 22:43
djb - From what I understand, there will be an update via Windows Update likely around the day it is released. Everyone will be on the same versions. Windows (and apps) do (and will) continue to update automatically.
October 11, 2013 18:35
Hi Scott! There is some problem with my Windows 8.1 PC, and I am not able to start my Windows. I have got a way to backup system image here: http://techzend.com/system-backup-image-windows-81/. I just want any way to start command prompt in Boot mode on my PC, so I'll be able to create backup image. Please tell me that is there any way to start command prompt as administrator in boot mode? i am having HP probook 4530 core i3 running Windows 8.1 preview.
Ben
October 15, 2013 1:33
Hi Scott.

Backups are fine, but if you can't restore them - they are not really useful...

Could you please write a Post how to restore thos Image Backups if they are located on a Net Drive like Synology or external Harddrive and you really Need them. (E.g. you bought a new faster SSD and don't want to reinstall everything...) And a litte fun: I have my System on C: and my user Settings und D:. And of course, the new drive was bigger...

After a couple off failed tries restoring just created Windows Image Backups with the Windows Setup DVD (Windows Restore was not able to Access the Images) I gave up and bought a copy of TrueImage. Which was doing the Job (after some Background reading)...

Kind regards from Germany,
Markus
October 19, 2013 6:06
Hi, Markus:

I'm trying out an image restore to a new SSD that I bought earlier this week -- as I'm writing this, I'm attempting to create a 127GB image to go onto a 256GB SSD. One thing that I'm keeping in mind is that I have my network storage server directly connected to my computer, and this is because usually network-based devices are not recognized unless Windows is actually running, or you're directly tied into a router or modem via Ethernet cable.

If I have success with this, I will post back here to let you know whether it worked or not.

Joe
October 19, 2013 17:23
Hi Scott!

I've been using Windows 7 File Recovery with incremental backups and File History simultaneously to get the best of both worlds. Now, with Windows 8.1 I find myself studying the homepages of various 3rd party vendors who offer backup solutions. That's not a happy thought. I'm just happy that I haven't yet upgraded my main workhorse, so I can tackle it at my own speed.

On an unrelated note, I'm already certain that I will be moving my stuff from SkyDrive to Dropbox because I refuse to use a connected login account (aka MS Acocunt) for my desktop.

Do you have any thoughts you could share on the sad state of the Microsoft eco system for the power user community. I don't think I'm ready yet to pack up and move to Linux, (mainly because I don't have the time and most things still work well enough), but I'm truly worried about 5 years from now.

Best regards, Michael
October 20, 2013 0:56
Let me start by saying that I'm a user. Not a code geek. This means I don't know or understand the how's and whys of what happens in Windows, I just want to get things done.

It's my understanding that as I save new files or modify existing files on my hard drive that file history will automatically save a copy of the new or updated file(s) according to the file history/advance settings/save copies of files setting. The default is every hour. So that tells me the "dumb user" that every hour windows will create a copy of every new file and/or modified file on my hard drive to a 2nd storage device of my choosing??? That way should my hard drive reach the end of it's useful life I can restore all my data files from my File History onto my new drive. Right?

As far as I'm concerned it's a bunch of crap. On more than one occasion, I've checked my file history to find no additional files in the back up drive since I forced the last file history back up. And,,, when I do select "run now" to force a file history back up, the utility starts to add a 2nd duplicate file history to the already existing one on the back up drive. In effect doubling the consumed back up drive space. So by the time I've wasted hours waiting for the back up to finish, the file history utility stops and tells me I'm out of disk space (No shit!).

So as far ad I'm concerned this file history utility is useless.
October 21, 2013 2:41
Oh and some other stuff. Today I added some image files to my HD. After a couple hours, I checked my wonderful file history utility. No new files. I check my file history set up. The drive I designated yesterday was not indicated as the selected drive. So I selected it again and now file history seems to be copying files. I have no clue where it is in the process. I guess I'll have to wait to see if it finishes. Sure is a lot of unknown as to if and how this process is running.
October 28, 2013 8:20
Create a sistem image

The backup failed.

There was a failure in preparing the backup image of one of the volumes in the backup set.
(0x807800C5)

Additional Information:
The specified backup disk cannot be found. (0x80780081)
November 01, 2013 5:29
Has anyone really carry out this image process in Win 8.1???? ON our two Thinkpad Caron X1 Touch PCs, with an external USB 3.0 2 TB Passport drive, it all starts just fine, but after a couple of minute I get red bars saying that there isn't enough room for a 58 GB backup from our C: SSD??!!!??
November 01, 2013 15:30
On my Toshiba laptop, running w 8.1 when I try to create image backup using the MS tool I get error saying that there is insufficient space on my (external) drive to create the image. The drive is 'clean' with slightly less that 500 GB free space on it. (Tried with another drive with 200 GB with same result)
November 03, 2013 7:41
Same here! Try doing a system image backup in windows 8.1. starts out fine, 15 seconds latter red bars, get error saying that there is insufficient space on my (external) drive to create the image. I have 2.7TB of space. The file history backup runs just fine.
No other problem seeing the NSA Raid 1 drives as a network drive, stores everything.
Help, Microsoft is no help.
November 05, 2013 19:50
I have the same problem as mmg1818
When trying to backup a Win8.1 system I get the following "there was a faiure in creating a directory on the backup storage location (0x8007014B)
I have 550Gb left on the backup disk. The backup always worked on Windows 8.0
No help from the microsoft forums
November 08, 2013 13:24
i use Acronis true image for about 3 years now and i have no complaints whatsoever :)
November 13, 2013 16:47
Can you use Windows 8.1 System Image Backup to restore to dissimilar hardware (another PC)?
November 15, 2013 6:55
And then there is the issue of win8.1 encryption

See http://www.howtogeek.com/173592/windows-8.1-will-start-encrypting-hard-drives-by-default-everything-you-need-to-know/

I'm trying work out what this means fro back up strategies?

Will my files now be encrypted, so I restore to a different computer bacuse of competer death, am I stuffed?

Thanks for writing this it is really helpful.

November 16, 2013 8:29
Drop -allCritical . Do a search to see why. E.g., see
http://superuser.com/questions/663782/windows-8-1-insufficient-storage-available-to-create-shadow-copy

Create a one-line script on Win8.1, e.g.,
systemimage.ps1
containing
powershell.exe -command 'C:\Windows\Sysnative\wbAdmin start backup -backupTarget:E: -include:C: -quiet'
(Check your path to wbAdmin .)

Add the full path to systemimage.ps1 in your nightly scheduled backup (run as the admin). This can be done nightly, or you can test for the day of the week to start this script, etc. After each image, I date the WindowsImageBackup directory/folder so that each run starts a new image. I also run a script to test for dates older than a given number of days and those are deleted.

It is easy to mount the .vhdx files and retrieve selected files. Except for not being able to do incremental and differential backups, this works faster and is much much more reliable than buggy Acronis Backup & Recovery 11.5 (which is why I turned to this method).



November 16, 2013 9:50
N.b.: Actually, I run
powershell.exe -command 'C:\Windows\Sysnative\wbAdmin start backup -backupTarget:E: -include:C: -quiet'
in a Cygwin script. I have not yet tested this run from any other script.
November 16, 2013 18:27
If you use Cygwin, in case your path does not include powershell, you should add it:

/cygdrive/C/WINDOWS/SYSTEM32/WINDOWSPOWERSHELL/V1.0/powershell.exe -command 'C:\Windows\Sysnative\wbAdmin start backup -backupTarget:E: -include:C: -quiet'

I run this in a tcsh script, but it can also be run in bash, etc.
November 17, 2013 14:52
Is there any way for an automatic backup of the system image, like in windows 8/7??
Can you help me? i can't find it...
November 17, 2013 17:51
Do you know of a power-shell script to create a system image backup of Windows 8.1? Since MS took away the scheduling feature a script would allow us to still use the Task Scheduler.
November 17, 2013 21:48
My Dell w/8.1 needed to be restored. None of my repair/boot disks were recognized on the DVD. My system image is on an external drive that isn't working. I couldn't get the PC to boot from the DVD where I put all my boot disks. My head is spinning so I will run with whatever isn't working right namely recognizing the hard drive I need. Only out is re-install 8.0 then 8.1. PS Maybe my harddrive is really broken.
November 18, 2013 22:06
The new Windows 8.1 file recovery makes you use an entire drive per machine. It will erase everything on your target drive. That's nuts. I want an image file (or directory) per machine on a USB drive that can backup all of my machines on one drive. No more Windows 7 style image backup to a folder.

File History is crap because it requires you to have your backup drive connected all the time. That's silly because that means it is subject to loss and corruption. Good backups are done by connecting the target drive or media on when needed, backing up the source drive, and then removing the target drive or media as fast as possible.

So, for standard file backups of user directories and libraries, I use a 1 TB USB drive and ROBOCOPY. For full system images, I use that same USB drive, a bootable Linux Mint CD and the good old linux dd command. My machine is out of service while I do the image backup, but it is rock-solid stable backup regardless of Windows version.

I also have backups from other machines (Linux and Windows) on that same $70 USB drive. It is never connected to a machine unless it is being used for backups or recovery.

November 22, 2013 23:02
I've been chasing this problem for some time now (I'm the author of the superuser.com posting that Lester Ingber mentioned). I have found that I can (apparently) create shadow copies from the command line using wbadmin, and I assume that Windows 8.1 System Image Backup would work just as well. (I say "apparently" because I have not yet tried to restore from one of these backups.)

But my problem is that my backup drive is just about full and I haven't found a way to delete old shadow copies. Windows 8.1 System Image Backup doesn't provide any obvious way to delete old backups. I should be able to use “vssadmin delete shadows” to delete shadow copies from my backup drive, but on Windows 8.1, that command fails with this error:

Error: Snapshots were found, but they were outside of your allowed context. Try removing them with the backup application which created them.

November 26, 2013 1:17
I am left very puzzled after my first attempt to create a system image backup of my relatively fresh Win 8.1 drive. Just got an external 1TB USB drive thinking that it would be sufficient for such backups (the whole C disk is 256GB). But no can do, the backup failed shortly after being initiated. Apparently there isn't enough space!
Is this "user fault", lost in translation? Probably one of the worst error messages I have ever seen.

Any tips would be appreciated, Scott or others.

The screenshots are here: http://sdrv.ms/IdGcED
November 26, 2013 4:14
I, too, get the RED BAR when trying to do a system backup on a external hard drive with PLENTY of space left. I do have other data on the hard drive as well. I am using windows 8.1 pro (64 bit). I do have file history running and copying to a different external hard drive. What is the solution to completing the system backup?
November 28, 2013 21:33
Bob (Altman):

After dating my backups, on my Passport backup drive I have folders like:
WindowsImageBackup_20131115utc000700/
WindowsImageBackup_20131115utc143700/
WindowsImageBackup_20131116utc131046/
WindowsImageBackup_20131117utc131129/
WindowsImageBackup_20131118utc131215/
WindowsImageBackup_20131120utc131201/
WindowsImageBackup_20131121utc131152/
WindowsImageBackup_20131122utc131128/
WindowsImageBackup_20131123utc131137/
WindowsImageBackup_20131124utc131140/
WindowsImageBackup_20131125utc131120/
WindowsImageBackup_20131126utc131221/
WindowsImageBackup_20131127utc131311/
WindowsImageBackup_20131128utc131420/

I have to "move" WindowsImageBackup each time after powershell completes -- part of my script, and of course I have to do this as Administrator. Any of these folders can be deleted (note some missing dates or different time of day stamps).

Lester

December 19, 2013 12:56
Windows Home Server is the only way I trust ALL my machines to get backed up. Then I have CrashPlan in peer-to-peer mode pushing all the backup image files from the Home Server over to my father's machine in another town (and vice versa). This gets me local image-based backup, or individual file history restores PLUS the redundant off-site backup for the low-low price of some extra external drives to park at my dad's house.

Of course Microsoft tried to ruin the WHS product by stripping out file duplication, but the fine folks at CoveCube fixed that. DrivePool

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Disclaimer: The opinions expressed herein are my own personal opinions and do not represent my employer's view in any way.