Apt-Get for Windows - OneGet and Chocolatey on Windows 10
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In 2013 I asked the questions "Is the Windows user ready for apt-get?" As with nearly all my blog posts, the comments are better than the post itself. ;)
Now it's 2015 and many of us are upgrading to Windows 10. One of the little gems in Windows 10 that no one is talking about (yet) is OneGet. You can read about OneGet architecture here.
It's easy (and wrong) to just say that One-Get is Apt-Get for Windows. But OneGet isn't actually a package manager. It's more clever and cooler than that. It's a package manager manager.
OneGet is a Manager of Package Managers
Go out to you Windows 10 PowerShell prompt now and type "Get-PackageProvider" and you'll see the package managers you have registered with OneGet today.
C:\> Get-PackageProvider
Name Version
---- -------
Programs 10.0.10240.16384
msu 10.0.10240.16384
msi 10.0.10240.16384
PSModule 1.0.0.0
Usually programs are installed with things like MSIs, for example, so there's a provider for that. You can type "Get-Package" and see the programs AND packages on your machine:
C:\> Get-Package
Name Version
---- -------
123D Design R1.6 1.6.41
Windows Driver Package - Ge... 06/04/2011 8....
Windows Driver Package - Ge... 06/19/2014 8....
Windows Driver Package - FT... 01/27/2014 2....
JRuby 1.7.19 1.7.19
Windows Driver Package - ST... 11/09/2009 3....
EPSON NX410 Series Printer ...
Intel Edison Device USB driver 1.2.1
Since it's PowerShell, you can sort and filter and what-not to your heart's delight.
OneGet isn't Microsoft's Chocolately
Chocolatey is an open source apt-get-like machine-wide package manager that you can use today, even if you don't have Windows 10.
OneGet isn't Microsoft's version of Chocolately. But there is a beta/preview Chocolatey provider that plugs into OneGet so you can use OneGet to get Chocolatey packages and install them.
Other things worth noting, even though OneGet is in the box for Windows 10, you can still run it on Windows 7 and Windows 2008 R2. Plus, OneGet isn't done and it's open source so there's lots of cool possibilities.
Oh, and an important naming point. Just like "Chromium" is the open source browser and "Chrome" is the Google packaged instance of that project, "OneGet" is the open source project and what ships with Windows 10 is just generically "PackageManagement." Just a good reminder of the relationship between open source projects and their shipping counterparts.
Installing VLC using OneGet and Chocolatey on Windows 10
Example time. You've got a new Windows 10 machine and you want to get VLC. You can (and should) totally get it from the Windows Store, but let's get it using Package Management.
Here I need to get the beta Chocotlatey provider first, and once, with "get-packageprovider -name chocolatey." Also, when I install a package for the first time it will prompt to download NuGet as well. I will answer Yes to both.
NOTE: You can also install Chocolatey explicitly with "install-package –provider bootstrap chocolatey"
Now I can just "install-package vlc" and it will get it from the Chocolatey repository.
C:\> get-packageprovider -name chocolatey
The provider 'chocolatey v2.8.5.130' is not installed.
chocolatey may be manually downloaded from https://oneget.org/ChocolateyPr30.exe and installed.
Would you like PackageManagement to automatically download and install 'chocolatey'?
[Y] Yes [N] No [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): y
Name Version
---- -------
Chocolatey 2.8.5.130
C:\> install-package vlc
The provider 'nuget v2.8.5.127' is not installed.
nuget may be manually downloaded from https://oneget.org/nuget-anycpu-2.8.5.127.exe and installed.
Would you like PackageManagement to automatically download and install 'nuget' now?
[Y] Yes [N] No [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"): y
The package(s) come from a package source that is not marked as trusted.
Are you sure you want to install software from 'chocolatey'?
[Y] Yes [A] Yes to All [N] No [L] No to All [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "N"): y
Name Version Source Summary
---- ------- ------ -------
vlc 2.2.1.20150630 chocolatey VLC Media Player
Boom. Now VLC is installed. It's early days but it's interesting stuff!
You can read about the available OneGet cmdlets at https://github.com/OneGet/oneget/wiki/cmdlets.
For example here I can find the latest version of zoomit.
C:\> find-package -name zoomit
Name Version Source
---- ------- ------
zoomit 4.50 chocolate
Just to be clear, with regards to OneGet and Chocolatey.
- It's an unsupported version of Chocolatey provider in a GitHub repo
- Folks can download it using OneGet cmdlets and then using the unsupported provider, you can download Chocolatey packages.
- Microsoft is working with the community to take ownership of Chocolatey provider.
And again, you can use Chocolatey TODAY on your Windows 7 and up machines as it is.
Managing MSI-installed Programs with OneGet and PackageManagement
OneGet and PackageManagement in Windows 10 lets you manage package managers of all kinds to control what's installed one your machines. For example, I can uninstall an MSI installed program like this. This is just like visiting Add/Remove Programs (ARP) and uninstalling, except I did it from the command line!
C:\> Uninstall-Package join.me.launcher
Name Version
---- -------
join.me.launcher 1.0.368.0
MSI and Chocolately are just the start for OneGet. What if one package management API could also get Python or PHP packages? Windows Store apps?
Donate to help Chocolatey
Last, but definitely not least, it's important to remember that Chocolatey and the Chocolatey Repository of Packages can use your help and sponsorship. Head over to https://chocolatey.org/ and scroll to the bottom and click Donate and you can Paypal or use your Credit Card to help them out.
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August 05, 2015 7:00
So it looks like it's not available for Windows 8 by implication, but I haven't been able to find why this is. Any insight, Scott?
Josh Kodroff
It requires Windows Management Framework 5.0, which shipped a preview version with Windows 10 but is also available to install on earlier OS versions.
I would have preferred an actual, working package manger over a manager of package managers. Chocolatey is ok, but really not very robust. MSI is a crux beyond belief. Why can't there be a simple, declarative way to install packages on windows? With updates via internet etc.? For apps the Store now provides that, but for anything else there still isn't any acceptable solution. It is just bizarre that it is the year 2015, and if you want to write a setup with an auto update for a windows software, you have to code all of that yourself...
Hey Scott
Do any of these package managers allow you to specify an iso that's already been downloaded to prevent having to get that 4GB iso every time the package is installed? I've started using Boxstarter for small developer tools and Windows features, but it's not feasible for large applications like visual studio since I don't know yet how to say "I've already got the iso".
Thanks
Do any of these package managers allow you to specify an iso that's already been downloaded to prevent having to get that 4GB iso every time the package is installed? I've started using Boxstarter for small developer tools and Windows features, but it's not feasible for large applications like visual studio since I don't know yet how to say "I've already got the iso".
Thanks
Just as a comment all this cmdlets must be executed with a powershell console with administrative rights, if not Install-Package fails silently :(
This looks pretty badass actually. We (*nix nerds) have been used to this for such a long time and I know personally I wondered how long it would be before we get something similar or at least something that paves the way for future interpretations of a package manager architecture.
An actual package manager would have been nicer from my point of view, hopefully this is just the first step to that. I would really like it to get to a point where we can script an install/update of classic and modern apps from a trusted source. Chocolatey is great but with package trust and other issues its not quite there.
Actually this is not installing any package. I don't see any executable regarding zoomit or vlc. How do you actually run these programs after the installation ?
@Onur, just type in
Get-Package -Name {packageName} to get the installation location.
Very neat. I keep pushing for feedback to make powershell handle elevation of permissions in a way similar to that of terminals in *nix. Explicitly opening a powershell windows as administrator (UAC) makes some of this kind of difficult.
This does not take away from the awesomeness that is OneGet, but it still hinders the usability.
This does not take away from the awesomeness that is OneGet, but it still hinders the usability.
Thanks for the article. My new T450s is going to be here Monday, and I'm scrambling to find out what I need and don't need for it in Windows 10. Hoping an update to the Tools list is coming soon...
So... why does oneget-chocolatey install packages to C:\Chocolatey? And why doesn't it integrate with an existing choco installation? I'm seeing a "ChocolateyPrototype.exe" which is just NuGet in disguise. Too bad, looks quite unfinished right now.
@Brandon, there are several ways to do "sudo"-like operation in a PowerShell to elevate permissions only for a specific process. Here's one of the first that came up when I googled for it on the bing: http://www.exitthefastlane.com/2009/08/sudo-for-powershell.html
@Jabe, "C:\Chocolatey" was the original Chocolatey install path, so it just seems that the oneget-chocolatey provider is currently a couple releases behind Chocolatey upstream. Hopefully the provider will be updated soon to use the latest and greatest Chocolatey.
@Jabe, "C:\Chocolatey" was the original Chocolatey install path, so it just seems that the oneget-chocolatey provider is currently a couple releases behind Chocolatey upstream. Hopefully the provider will be updated soon to use the latest and greatest Chocolatey.
For anyone who wants to try a proper package manager I can recommend MSYS2.
This doesn't actually work yet, though-- it grabs the package files but never actually installs them. Supposedly the chcolatey package provider is from early 2014, and MS is trying to update it. When that happens this might actually be useful. Until then, just use chocolatey straight-up.
@Max That "pseudo" sudo doesn't work for many reasons. One is that it doesn't pass quoted strings correctly. E.g., running sudo ls "C:\Program Files" gives the error "C:\Program: No such file or directory."
Another issue is that it assumes the first argument is an executable, which means you can't pass in cmdlets.
This is a better approximation of Linux's su rather than sudo.
Another issue is that it assumes the first argument is an executable, which means you can't pass in cmdlets.
This is a better approximation of Linux's su rather than sudo.
Eager to try out oneget. I've had issues with chocolatey recently loading malware/bloatware as part of installer packages, which underscores an issue in their package review process. Since that happened about a month ago I've preflighted all packages in a VM, which is kind of inefficient but helps establish a baseline for trust.
And now 2015, what's new ? I'm very newbie-silly, I'm confused about all that. Not DEFINITIVE GUIDE about it, IMHO.
NuGet, MyGet, Chocolatey, OneGet… what?! People ask questions and occasionally can’t see the forest for the trees. Here’s a quick recap:
NuGet: a solution-level package management tool, used to manage software dependencies within the scope of a solution. It is accompanied by the NuGet Gallery, the home of many if not all .NET open source components.
Chocolatey: a system-level package management tool, used to manage software installations on a Windows system. It (currently) leverages PowerShell and NuGet, supports the Web Platform Installer (WebPI), MSI, RubyGems and many more, and is accompanied by the Chocolatey Gallery where you can find many popular software packages. Rob describes Chocolatey as somewhat like “apt-get”, but with Windows in mind.
MyGet: a hosted NuGet package server where you can create and secure your own feeds. In essence, MyGet is able to host vanilla NuGet feeds, as well as Chocolatey feeds.
OneGet: a a unified interface to package management systems (see above)
http://www.xavierdecoster.com/using-myget-as-a-oneget-package-source
And more, and more:
PSGet and PSReadLine https://github.com/lzybkr/PSReadLine
NuGet, MyGet, Chocolatey, OneGet… what?! People ask questions and occasionally can’t see the forest for the trees. Here’s a quick recap:
NuGet: a solution-level package management tool, used to manage software dependencies within the scope of a solution. It is accompanied by the NuGet Gallery, the home of many if not all .NET open source components.
Chocolatey: a system-level package management tool, used to manage software installations on a Windows system. It (currently) leverages PowerShell and NuGet, supports the Web Platform Installer (WebPI), MSI, RubyGems and many more, and is accompanied by the Chocolatey Gallery where you can find many popular software packages. Rob describes Chocolatey as somewhat like “apt-get”, but with Windows in mind.
MyGet: a hosted NuGet package server where you can create and secure your own feeds. In essence, MyGet is able to host vanilla NuGet feeds, as well as Chocolatey feeds.
OneGet: a a unified interface to package management systems (see above)
http://www.xavierdecoster.com/using-myget-as-a-oneget-package-source
And more, and more:
PSGet and PSReadLine https://github.com/lzybkr/PSReadLine
@Jabe You're complaining that an something unfinished is unfinished.
From the blog post:
Plus, OneGet isn't done and it's open source so there's lots of cool possibilities.
and
It's an unsupported version of Chocolatey provider in a GitHub repo
From the blog post:
Plus, OneGet isn't done and it's open source so there's lots of cool possibilities.
and
It's an unsupported version of Chocolatey provider in a GitHub repo
@davidacoder OneGet came out of the CoApp project, which was an attempt to do exactly that. It didn't work because they couldn't get enough people on board with one system with one set of design choices/tradeoffs, which also happened to require repackaging everything in the world. So instead, we have a system that doesn't dictate how packages are discovered or installed, and can take advantage of existing packaging work.
Hopefully, this system can still provide things like automatic updates.
@David Sounds like a bug in the Chocolatey provider to me. OneGet does not assume you need to be an administrator to do anything (that would not be true of all packaging systems, for example if you install Python as a non-admin user, a Python provider would be able to install packages for it as that user), so it's up to individual providers to figure this out and elevate when necessary.
Hopefully, this system can still provide things like automatic updates.
@David Sounds like a bug in the Chocolatey provider to me. OneGet does not assume you need to be an administrator to do anything (that would not be true of all packaging systems, for example if you install Python as a non-admin user, a Python provider would be able to install packages for it as that user), so it's up to individual providers to figure this out and elevate when necessary.
@Sean Jon this didn't actually install the apps for me either until I changed the PowerShell Execution policy. The Default policy on my Windows 10 install was set to "Restricted" which does not allow .ps1 files to execute (even when I tried it in an Admin shell). Changing the policy to "Bypass" inside of a PowerShell console allowed Scott's example to actually install the software.
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass
@Kerry, I was wondering if I needed to do that; too busy at work and I didn't have time to confirm. Thanks!
Chocolatey was fully funded on Kickstarter. Why are thy still asking for donations?
I applaud the decision to provide the platform and abstractions to build an eco system but to bootstrap this I fail to see why Microsoft has not supported early implementations with funding, either through donations, developers like libgit2, or direct employment like with Glimpse.
The dedication that patently goes into choco is inspiring. However it pains me to see package management for windows run on a part time, extreme hobbiest, donation basis.
Am looking forward to Hashicorp and other players in this field getting involved too.
I think I'd just like to see a real apt-get on windows, whether that means Microsoft writing their own implementation for one-get or them backing something else like choco.
It's a long road but Windows is so far behind linux in some aspects - like apt-get - and as a Windows user I wish Microsoft would get there a bit quicker. 2016 (Windows Server) is too far away.
Embryonic yes, but a good start none-the-less. Fingers crossed this will iterate fast.
The dedication that patently goes into choco is inspiring. However it pains me to see package management for windows run on a part time, extreme hobbiest, donation basis.
Am looking forward to Hashicorp and other players in this field getting involved too.
I think I'd just like to see a real apt-get on windows, whether that means Microsoft writing their own implementation for one-get or them backing something else like choco.
It's a long road but Windows is so far behind linux in some aspects - like apt-get - and as a Windows user I wish Microsoft would get there a bit quicker. 2016 (Windows Server) is too far away.
Embryonic yes, but a good start none-the-less. Fingers crossed this will iterate fast.
Well, my Version Numbers are totally different. (yes, i'm on Windows 10 Build 10240 SR1). Any Ideas why?
Name Version DynamicOptions
---- ------- --------------
Programs 10.0.10122.0 {IncludeWindowsInstaller, IncludeSystemComponent}
msu 10.0.10122.0 {}
msi 10.0.10122.0 {AdditionalArguments}
PSModule 10.0.10122.0 {PackageManagementProvider, Location, InstallUpdate, InstallationPolicy...}
Chocolatey 2.8.5.101 {SkipDependencies, ContinueOnFailure, ExcludeVersion, ForceX86...}
NuGet 2.8.5.101 {Destination, SkipDependencies, ContinueOnFailure, ExcludeVersion...}
Nice! Might go update my BootstrapForPCs repo to use this approach or at least give it a go.
@Kerry: Great call! Running that command made it install packages properly.
So, next problem-- uninstall-package doesn't work! It removes the package from the package-management directory, so powershell/oneget/whatever you call it _thinks_ the package was removed, but I can still run it and was forced to use the graphical uninstaller.
Another major missing feature with powershell windows package-management is that there's no "upgrade" command. In my ubuntu box, I simply run "apt-get update" to refresh all the repositories followed by "apt-get upgrade" to upgrade all my packages. As far as I can tell, there is no equivalent to either command in windows package-management-- it works on individual packages only and does not maintain a local repository cache.
So... baby steps. It's pretty far from feature-parity with yum or apt, and it's not ready to actually be used, but it's encouraging.
So, next problem-- uninstall-package doesn't work! It removes the package from the package-management directory, so powershell/oneget/whatever you call it _thinks_ the package was removed, but I can still run it and was forced to use the graphical uninstaller.
Another major missing feature with powershell windows package-management is that there's no "upgrade" command. In my ubuntu box, I simply run "apt-get update" to refresh all the repositories followed by "apt-get upgrade" to upgrade all my packages. As far as I can tell, there is no equivalent to either command in windows package-management-- it works on individual packages only and does not maintain a local repository cache.
So... baby steps. It's pretty far from feature-parity with yum or apt, and it's not ready to actually be used, but it's encouraging.
The problem with Chocolately and by extension OneGet is that package verification is hard. Currently anyone can upload any package, even if they are not the author/owner. They are doing a review of all uploads but that's neither fool-proof nor scalable. They need a solution where either the vendors themselves are participating or all the packages can be verified/matched to the releases that are provided by the vendors on their own sites.
It makes me nervous when I see that Firefox (for example) is uploaded/maintained by someone other than Mozilla.
It makes me nervous when I see that Firefox (for example) is uploaded/maintained by someone other than Mozilla.
Love this! Thanks for the post. Works great on my upgraded Win 10 boxes, but on my clean install with Windows 10 Enterprise, just get a warning that it can't find Chocolatey (regardless of what various ways I try to get Chocolatey installed).
Likely something not supported by Win 10 Enterprise, or else restricted by policy, so nothing to worry about. Plus, I can just install Chocolatey directly and use it as before.
Likely something not supported by Win 10 Enterprise, or else restricted by policy, so nothing to worry about. Plus, I can just install Chocolatey directly and use it as before.
get-packageprovider -name chocolatey
WARNING: Unable to find package provider 'chocolatey'.
Any ideas?
WARNING: Unable to find package provider 'chocolatey'.
Any ideas?
Thanks bhaiya for this post. I love you for this.
From radhamohan singh techie
From radhamohan singh techie
Zero Install (cross-platform package manager) also comes with a OneGet provider. Hopefully it'll be added to the OneGet bootstrapping list soon. You can track the progress in this GitHub issue.
One of the nice features of Zero Install is side-by-side installation allowing multiple versions of apps, clean uninstalls and no DLL hell. Full disclosure: I'm the main Windows dev on the project.
One of the nice features of Zero Install is side-by-side installation allowing multiple versions of apps, clean uninstalls and no DLL hell. Full disclosure: I'm the main Windows dev on the project.
Am I the only one thinking on this as an abstract factory? :P
Nice article!
Nice article!
Where are the Exe's? I am having a hard find finding the installed programms like Notepad2? Every Install-Package/Get-Package/Find-Package runs fine but there a no exes in C:\Chocolatey or anywhere else:(
I am using Win10 Build 10240 - 32 Bit.
Regards,
Peter
I am using Win10 Build 10240 - 32 Bit.
Regards,
Peter
Ok, I found it (thanks to Kerry who mentioned it already). Without setting Execution Policy to something other than restricted nothing gets actually downloaded because the install script won't run. But at least a warning message would have been helpful.
Regards,
Peter
Regards,
Peter
FYI, Get-PackageProvider fails with "The term 'New-Feature is not recognized..." in a PowerShell with admin rights until you run Update-Help.
OneGet and Chocolatey both have terrible documentation. It's all 5 month old blog posts leading to confusingly named websites and GitHub repositories, abandoned Twitter accounts, and the strangely non-commitant release notes of Chocolatey ("may break something in some cases, but it's better, we hope")
This blog post is the clearest yet since the Windows 10 release, so Scott, if you know any of them, be sure to tell them when you meet them that Windows 10 has been released, and they need to get their act together. Start blogging, update those websites, remove those beta/preview feeds, edit those GitHub wiki's and readmes, and start tweeting!
This blog post is the clearest yet since the Windows 10 release, so Scott, if you know any of them, be sure to tell them when you meet them that Windows 10 has been released, and they need to get their act together. Start blogging, update those websites, remove those beta/preview feeds, edit those GitHub wiki's and readmes, and start tweeting!
Also, none of this actually works, as is clear from the comments here, so at best we are all talking about a proof of concept that shipped in Windows 10.
I think it can be great for pro users and developers, but not with Chocolatey. As someone else said, Chocolatey is just wrapping .exe in .ps1, usually to add --silent switches. One should never just download and run installers, yet this is what Chocolatey will end up encouraging.
The only way forward is installations that are purely based on declarative syntax, not executable code. The trusted installer will simply copy files, nothing more. And apps will remain sandboxed, not registry access, just file in their own install dir, in temp, and in their own dir in user data.
I think it can be great for pro users and developers, but not with Chocolatey. As someone else said, Chocolatey is just wrapping .exe in .ps1, usually to add --silent switches. One should never just download and run installers, yet this is what Chocolatey will end up encouraging.
The only way forward is installations that are purely based on declarative syntax, not executable code. The trusted installer will simply copy files, nothing more. And apps will remain sandboxed, not registry access, just file in their own install dir, in temp, and in their own dir in user data.
@Mike: I hope this isn't coming across as too blatant advertising, but that is pretty much what Zero Install (http://0install.de/) does: Purely declarative syntax, installer simply extracts archives and any system changes (e.g. file type associations) are triggered and controlled by the user, not the package. There is no sandboxing of the actual installed application (yet).
OK I had a lot of trouble getting these steps running on a clean Windows 10 installation, if anyone else is encountering the same issues, you might want to read on:
1. First, run PowerShell as Administrator, otherwise nothing will work and it will silently fail (yes, it's annoying).
2. Run Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned in the console.
3. Run the commands in Scott's blog post to enable Chocolatey provider and install packages (such as vlc).
4. Chocolatey, for now, does not add its bin directory to %PATH% environment variable, therefore command-line packages (those without an installer) might not work when you type their name. Therefore add C:\Chocolatey\bin (not sure about the exact path) to your PATH environment variable and relaunch your console.
1. First, run PowerShell as Administrator, otherwise nothing will work and it will silently fail (yes, it's annoying).
2. Run Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned in the console.
3. Run the commands in Scott's blog post to enable Chocolatey provider and install packages (such as vlc).
4. Chocolatey, for now, does not add its bin directory to %PATH% environment variable, therefore command-line packages (those without an installer) might not work when you type their name. Therefore add C:\Chocolatey\bin (not sure about the exact path) to your PATH environment variable and relaunch your console.
Excellent post. Here a lab with examples and OneGet and Chocolatey:
http://www.sysadmit.com/2015/08/windows-oneget-y-chocolatey.html
http://www.sysadmit.com/2015/08/windows-oneget-y-chocolatey.html
Once I've used Linux I became sick of all that 'yum' and 'apt-get' stuff forever.
Until all you need is 'apt-get install mc' on a newly created VM it's all great. But when you need some particular version of some particular software, you are googling for all that repositories, which are maintained by god knows who, and you don't really know if it will be available next time you need it.
Until all you need is 'apt-get install mc' on a newly created VM it's all great. But when you need some particular version of some particular software, you are googling for all that repositories, which are maintained by god knows who, and you don't really know if it will be available next time you need it.
This is another fail by Microsoft making something that should be fairly simple way too complicated. Think about how many wrappers there are that can break between the code. There is the MSI which MS took out for a few years. Then introduced a buggy addon that has gotten bad feedback. Then you wrap that MSI in Chocolatey then you use Oneget to manage the Chocolatey and other repos... Seriously guys?
All this just to package code and install apps. I think you can do better so much better than this over there.
All this just to package code and install apps. I think you can do better so much better than this over there.
A particularly impressive provider would be Steam, though I doubt I'll see it.
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